The author lists some ideas throughout the article. The first idea that mod brings up is the book as a system. Books are seen as systems as they have processes that make them into a system. With the book they have a variety of systems just like there are different types of books. The pre-artifact system, The system of the artifact, post-artifact system. The pre-artifact system is where the book is made. It has been a system of isolation and the author, editor and publisher are involved in the system. The product of this system is the book. System of the artifact Is also a book. Post-artifact is also like a book talk approach where people talk about what they have read. Digital changes the way these systems are approached. Digital takes the book away from these systems because of the increase in connectivity. The book changes drastically such as the book not being the same as it was yesterday, and you will see something else tomorrow because the book can be changed easily while a print book cannot be changed easily. Engagement with other readers is easy and continuous. The commentary can even be archived for future readers to look back on and reference if they come across the public record for commentary. The artifact systems in this case no longer make sense as because the publishing system for digital books has been changed from print books. When I was growing up and finding information on the web it was easy and accessible while other times it was not as easy because sometimes the content, I was looking for would be behind a paywall but the things I did end up finding I could utilize for research. Most things that I found on the web can be updated easily and sometimes search terms can even be updated. It is easy to find information digitally as you don’t need to go to the library to sort through physical books that may not be up to date. The information on the web will tell you if it is up to date which is another reason why digital is the way to go.