Types of Weaponry

Swords

1.1 Dhup

Called a Dhup in northern India or a Sukhela in southern India, this straight edge blade typically lacks a knuckle-guard (the part that covers the handle). Typically, only one edge of the sword was sharpened despite its symmetrical appearance. The tip typically tapers little, having little use for piercing.

1.2 Talwar

This curved blade is most similar to a scimitar or shamshir, hosting a very curved blade and a knuckle-guard. The single edged blade tapers at it's tip, potentially allowing thrusting attacks, but it's curved shape would make this difficult. Talwar in sanscript simply means sword, as this type of curved blade was the most popular in Mughal India.

1.3 Pata

A straight edged blade, sharpened on both edges and with a tapered tip making it ideal for thrusting/piercing, similar to a rapier. Most notable, this blade was made with a built-in gauntlet at it's guard, with the handle inside the gauntlet. This provided stability to the blade and protection to the user, albeit with a short swinging radius due to little mobility in the wrist.

1.4 Gupti

A subterfuge weapon, typically modelled off a cane with a solid cylindar of wood both acting as the blades handle as well as the sheath. The lack of proper handle and lack of guard made the sword unpractical in battles, but perfect for sabotage and surprise attacks due to its unassuming appearance when sheathed.

1.5 Zulfiqar

This curved blade saw little battle use, but was typically crafted for emporers and other royals. The single-edged blade had a regular handle (with no knuckle guard), but it's distinguishing feature is it's split end, designed for catching enemy sword attacks. Some variations of the blade host a serrated edge.

Daggers

2.1 Bichuwa

Named after its simularity to a scorpians tail, this curved dagger often had a looped handle to provide a knuckleguard. Some daggers of this variety may be forked, dual edged, or even serrated.

2.3 Khanjar

These daggers take two typical forms, a straight edged dagger with a heavy tapering at its tip and a pistol-grip shaped hilt, or a ceremonial dagger heavily curved into a J-shape. The latter has very little practical purposes, and is solely used for ceremonial reasons. The former had heavy use as a reliable sidearm that was worn at the waist.

2.2 Katar

This odd dagger has an H-Grip with a lever on the inside, which, when pulled, opened two arms that sheath the blade inside. The extended arms as well as the H-Grip act as protection from other blade, and the unique handle provided excellent thrusting force. Very succeptible to corrosion and rusting.

2.4 Bagh Nakh

This device was worn on the palm of the hand (or sometimes built into the handle of a Bichuwa), and provided a secret weapon for it's wearer. It models tiger claws, and was used in a similar way, tearing at flesh when it's wearer slammed their palm at an enemies chest and tore downwards.

Heavy Weaponry

3.1 Garguz

Most similar to a mace (generally called a gurj in India), a garguz is a specific type of mace. This weapon has eight blades at its head and a looped handle, or often basket-hilt. This was typically used to attack enemies in light to medium armor.

3.2 Tabar Zaghnol

A mix between a battleaxe and a halberd, this polearm has a short axehead, a tapered spearhead-esque pole at the top, and a long dagger-like appendage opposite of the axehead. It served as a reliable heavy weapon with versatile uses, but it's heft made it unprefable in the majority of quick-paced combat.

3.3 Sainthi

A short spear (>4ft) with a wide spearhead and handle for use. While not extremely useful as a polearm, this spear has more versatility than a sang, allowing it to be used in melee combat to pierce light armor.

3.4 Sang

A long spear (5-7ft) made entirely of metal, typically iron. It's heft made it unideal for regular combat, but preferable when attacking armored war elephants or enemy horses. Typically used by other horsemen who could build momentum with their riding horse.

Traditional Ranged Weaponry

4.1 Kaman

A traditional reflex bow, double curve bow, or 'crab bow,' this bows were the most important weapon to Mughal soldiers. Mughal archers were considered experts, noted as being able to shoot three times faster than musketeers, with much higher accuacy even on horseback. Due to having more firing power than the crossbow (Charkh), and faster firing speeds than muskets (Jezail) or blunderbusses (Tamanchah), these bows retained heavy usage well into the 1800s.

4.2 Charkh

A traditional crossbow named after the Afghan city Charkh, these crossbows were made of simple wood for it's base, and flexible wood (like bamboo) for it's arms. It served as a simple weapon easy to use by anyone regardless of archery training. Kaman were preferred by most skilled archers.

4.3 Chakram

A thrown weapon, shaped as a hollow disk with it's inner edge dull, and its outer edge incredibly sharp. Typically, a portion of the disk was left dull or only partially sharpened to be used as a handle. Chakram weilders often had to wear special gloves that protected the bottom palm as well as the wrist.

Combustion Weaponry

5.1 Bans

First created in the previous country ruling modern day indea, the 'mysorean' rockets appeared as a barrel of iron attacked onto the end of a stick, with a short fuse poking out. When lit, black powder would ignite inside the iron barrel, launching it up to 1.2 miles at high speeds. They were used against the British East India Company to great effect, and later used to attack war elephants and war horses of countries neighboring the Mughal Empire.

5.2 Jezail

A matchlock gun, made of steel and wood which often had designs set into them. Often set upon a rotating bipod, allowing stability of the long ranged weapon. The weapon was unpopular among Mughal infantry compared to bows (kamans) due to it's long reloading times and general unwieldiness up into the early 1800s, when technological and strategetical innovations allowed the weapon to be used in it's fulls strength.

5.3 Tamanchah

A noblemans weapon, this weapon is similar to an archaic pistol or blunderbuss. Made of a wooden frame encassing a steel barrel, the weapon was largely unused by Mughal soldiers up into the 1800s, as it was less effective in range and power than the jezail, and only served as a somewhat clunky sidearm.

War Animals

6.1 War Elephants

Despite sounding fantastical, these trained elephants were somewhat regularly used in Mughal combat. Their purpose was to charge enemies, break their ranks, and instill fear. These elephants were often captured young male asian elephants, and trained by a mahout, an 'elephant rider.' They often wore armor, saddles or carriages on their backs, and 'elephant swords,' iron that was sharpened into a point and worn over their normal tusks.

6.2 Camel Cavalry

While horses were used in battle as well, during long treks through arid regions, Camels were used as cavalry to travel and mule equipment. Additionally, some camels were attached with a zamburak, a small cannon put atop of the camels saddle.